Techniques
Tibetan Handknotted
Tibetan handknotted rugs are woven on vertical wooden looms using cotton warp and weft.
Each knot is tied by hand around two warp threads, creating a dense, stable, and highly durable structure.
Details
The knot count (kpsi) defines how many knots appear per square inch.
A 9 × 6 ft (274 × 183 cm) rug at 150 kpsi contains approximately 1.2 million knots.
At this density, a weaver completes about 1.6–2.8 inches (4–7 cm) per day, depending on color changes and design complexity.
Higher knot density allows for finer detail, increased durability, and a more refined surface.
Key benefits
- Maximum design detail and precision
- Extremely long lifespan
- Dense, refined surface texture
- Entirely hand-executed, knot by knot
- Uses only natural structural threads
Best for
- All interior rooms, including living rooms, bedrooms, and lounges
- Detailed artworks and complex designs
- Private and hospitality interiors
- Not recommended for heavy commercial or extreme high-traffic use
Specs
- Technique: Tibetan handknotted
- Knot density: 80, 100, or 150 knots per square inch, equivalent to 125,000, 160,000 and 230,000 knots per square meter
- Pile height: Defined by client’s preference, design type, and expected use
- Materials: Wool, silk, blends (see materials section)
- Typical lead time: 10–14 weeks
- Durability (wool): 30–50+ years
- Origin: Handwoven by expert artisans
Handtufted
Handtufted rugs are made by inserting yarn into a stretched backing using a hand-held tufting gun.
The design is drawn first, then filled freely with yarn.
Details
After tufting, the yarn is fixed with latex adhesive and reinforced with a secondary backing.
This technique requires strong artistic control to accurately reproduce complex designs.
Handtufted rugs are slightly less durable than handknotted rugs due to their construction method.
Key benefits
- Excellent for curves and organic shapes
- Faster production time
- Thick, plush pile
- Strong visual impact
Best for
- Bedrooms, lounges, and relaxed living spaces
- Artistic designs with rounded or fluid shapes
- Private and hospitality interiors
- Not recommended for heavy commercial or constant high-traffic use
Comparing techniques – Tibetan Handknotted and Handtufted
Flatweave Kilim
Flatweave rugs are created by weaving weft threads over and under warp threads.
The result is a flat, pile-less textile structure.
Details
Different sub-techniques are selected based on the design.
Only the weft threads remain visible, as the warps are hidden by tight weaving.
The look is graphic, textile-like, and often associated with nomadic traditions.
Key benefits
- Lightweight and flexible
- Can be reversible
- Faster to produce
- Cost-efficient
Best for
- Dining rooms, studies, and low-profile interiors
- Geometric or graphic designs
- Layered or movable setups
- Private and hospitality interiors
- Not recommended for heavy commercial or extreme high-traffic use
Specs
- Technique: Flatweave (kilim, dhurrie, sumak)
- Pile height: None
- Structure: Woven weft over warp
- Materials: Wool is ideal. Tencel and linen can also be used, but because these fibers are less flexible than wool, the surface may appear slightly uneven in flatwoven kilims.
- Typical lead time: 6–8 weeks
- Durability (wool): 10–25 years
- Origin: Handwoven
Materials
New Zealand Wool
What makes it exceptional
- Very high quality, soft, and resilient.
- Naturally strong and long-lasting.
- Excellent thermal insulation.
- Recovers well from pressure and foot traffic.
- Hypoallergenic and naturally flame-resistant.
- Superior dye absorption due to its natural whiteness.
- Absorbs humidity without feeling damp.
Sourcing and use
- Sourced from certified cruelty-free Romney and Lincoln sheep in New Zealand.
- Not chemically treated.
- Ideal for children’s bedrooms, master bedrooms, living rooms, and hospitality interiors.
- One of the most durable and versatile fibers for rugs.
Linen
What makes it exceptional
- Organically grown from flax and fully biodegradable.
- Strong, durable, and becomes softer over time.
- Naturally lustrous with a refined, matte sheen.
- Thermo-regulating and breathable.
- Non-allergenic, antibacterial, and mildew-resistant.
- Absorbs up to 20% moisture before feeling damp.
Use and character
- Three times stronger than cotton.
- Elegant, natural appearance with subtle texture.
- Suitable for living rooms, children’s bedrooms, and master bedrooms.
- Best used in low to medium traffic areas.
Tencel
What makes it exceptional
- Silky, smooth, and softly luminous.
- Most durable fiber among regenerated silk-type yarns.
- Excellent moisture absorption, reducing bacterial growth.
- Produced from sustainably sourced wood pulp.
- Closed-loop production with minimal environmental impact.
- Naturally white, requiring less dye and no bleaching.
Use and character
- Creates a refined, contemporary look.
- Suitable for bedrooms, lounges, and hospitality interiors.
- Softer appearance than wool, with less resilience under heavy pressure.
The same area of a Tencel rug, shown under different light and pile directions:
Bamboo Silk
What makes it exceptional
- Smooth, silky appearance with high sheen.
- Made from regenerated cellulose fibers.
- Very soft to the touch.
- Strong visual impact and color brilliance.
Important considerations
- Less resilient than wool and silk.
- More sensitive to pressure, moisture, and abrasion.
- Best suited for low-traffic areas and decorative rugs.
- Recommended for bedrooms, lounges, and wall-to-floor statement pieces.
Pure Silk
What makes it exceptional
- Extremely fine, smooth, and luminous.
- Unmatched color depth and light reflection.
- Naturally strong fiber despite its fineness.
- Creates the most detailed and refined surfaces.
Important considerations
- Less resilient than wool under heavy traffic.
- Sensitive to moisture and abrasion.
- Best used for low-traffic areas, artworks, and statement rugs.
- Ideal for bedrooms, private lounges, and hospitality feature pieces.
Mohair
What makes it exceptional
- Exceptionally soft and luxurious.
- Naturally stronger than sheep’s wool.
- Rich texture with a luminous sheen.
- Excellent sound absorption.
- Naturally flame-retardant.
- Hypoallergenic thank to its smooth fiber structure.
Sourcing and use
- Produced from Angora goat hair.
- Suitable for residential and hospitality interiors.
- Best used in medium-traffic areas where softness and elegance matter.
Finishing Options
Carving
Carving sharpens design contours by cutting along color edges with long Tibetan scissors.
It improves clarity without changing the pile height.
Key options
Depth ranges from very subtle tracing to deep, graphic definition.
Light carving: fine, pen-like outlining
Medium carving: clear separation of shapes
Deep carving: rounded or straight-cut borders
Logos, initials, or drawn designs
Sculpting / Embossing
Sculpting creates relief by cutting the pile at multiple heights.
It adds a strong three-dimensional effect and tactile depth.
Best suited for statement rugs and low to medium traffic areas. Suitable for floor or wall display
Variety of options
From a slight height variation for soft relief, up to pronounced sculpting for bold 3D effects:
Combining cut and loop pile with high and low pile finishing:
Shaping
Shaping defines the outer contour of the rug beyond standard rectangles.
It allows the rug to follow the artwork, architecture, or spatial flow.
All shaping is executed by hand during finishing.
Shaping allows for organic and free-form outlines, precise geometric forms, or fully custom silhouettes.
It is ideal for statement pieces and art rugs where the outer contour is part of the design.
Pile types
Pile type defines the surface look and tactile feel of the rug.
It influences durability, light reflection, and texture.
Pile types can be combined within one rug.
Cut pile: soft, smooth, refined surface
Loop pile: “bouclé” look
Cut + loop: texture combination
Pile heights
Pile height defines the rug’s texture, comfort, and visual depth, and can range from very flat to highly sculptural.
Options span from very low (4–6 mm), up to very high pile (31–40 mm), and multiple heights can be combined within one rug for contrast and relief.
Dense piles in different heights:
Low pile
Medium pile
High pile
Shaggy-style piles in different heights:
Medium pile
High pile
Very high pile
Fringes
Fringes are an optional finishing detail that can be kept traditional, reduced, or fully removed.
They can be left long, trimmed short, integrated into the edge, or removed entirely, depending on the desired look and use of the rug.
Rug Configuration Guide
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